NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman at a ceremony in Houston named US astronauts Andre Douglas, Frank Rubio and Randy Bresnik and Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency as the crew for Artemis III. It is due to launch late next year, with no specific date yet announced.
"Artemis III is an incredibly exciting, complicated and highly coordinated multi-launch campaign," Jeremy Parsons, NASA's Artemis program manager, said at the Houston event.
"It's going to happen in a short period of time with three of the world's most powerful rockets."
The mission will be a delicate dance in low-Earth orbit of multiple spacecraft involved in NASA's complex Artemis program, the flagship US effort to return people to the moon for a long-term presence. The program faces competitive pressure from China, which is targeting its own 2030 crewed moon landing.
Though the two-week Artemis III mission will not approach the moon, it is seen as a key debut test of the two primary moon landers NASA will use on subsequent Artemis missions to put astronauts on the lunar surface.
SpaceX's Starship and Blue Origin's Blue Moon will take turns docking with NASA's Orion, the astronaut capsule that launches off Earth atop NASA's Space Launch System.
The three spacecraft will test docking mechanisms and hover around each other in low-Earth orbit before returning to Earth.
Four US astronauts flew around the moon and back in April in NASA's Artemis II mission, following Artemis I in 2022, a similar flight but without a crew. The second crewed voyage in NASA's Artemis program, Artemis III is the final mission planned before the space agency attempts to land astronauts on the lunar surface.
SpaceX and Blue Origin have faced years of delay in the development of their landers.
Last year, the companies pitched NASA on sped-up development plans that prompted a reshuffling of the agency's Artemis program, giving rise to the Artemis III docking mission.
The 2027 mission would require both SpaceX's Starship and a prototype version of Blue Origin's Blue Moon to be ready for launch at nearly the same time.
SpaceX last month test-launched a new version of its Starship rocket with upgrades for moon missions.
Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket exploded on its launchpad in Florida last month as it was preparing to launch a batch of Amazon satellites.
