The former Top Gear host shared the news in the latest episodes of the fifth season of his series Clarkson's Farm, saying the disease is "aggressive" but had been discovered early.
"I've got cancer," Clarkson told farm manager Kaleb Cooper and land agent Charlie Ireland during discussions about harvest planning.
The TV presenter said he expected to be "fine" but would be out of action "for a while", before revealing in the final episode of the series that he had undergone an operation to remove part of his prostate.
"I won't know whether it's worked or not until November probably," he said.
"The prostate, 10 per cent of it's dead, the 10 per cent where the cancer is."
Speaking from a hospital bed at the end of the season finale, Clarkson revealed he had experienced complications during treatment.
"We started season five with me in a hospital bed and here we are at the end of season five and I'm back in a hospital bed," he said.
The 66-year-old reflected on the future of the show.
"What I wanted to say was if this is all successful, I'll see you for season six, and if it isn't, I won't," Clarkson said.
"Take care, everyone."
In a post on Instagram before the episodes' release, Clarkson told followers he had "some sombre news".
He said: "Sombre news - Clarkson's Farm, ordinarily we try to keep the show bucolic and charming, and cheerful, but two episodes which drop in the middle of the night tonight are, they're none of those things, really.
"They're a difficult watch, they're really, really difficult."
Gerald Cooper, a farmhand on the show, had revealed in an earlier series that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer, and later said he was cancer free in 2024.
In the final episode of the fifth series, Clarkson also referenced Cooper's past diagnosis, saying they could "now share medical war stories".
Clarkson's diagnosis comes almost two years after he underwent a heart procedure, which saw him fitted with two stents to improve blood flow to the heart.
The TV presenter previously quit smoking after contracting pneumonia on holiday in Spain.
Clarkson's Farm follows the long-time television presenter and his crew as they navigate the challenges of running Diddly Squat Farm near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.
Since deciding to run his farm in 2019 and subsequently launching his popular reality series, Clarkson has become a vocal supporter of farmers and attended a protest in London against the government's move to introduce inheritance tax on farmland in November 2024.
The sixth series of the show is due to air in 2027.
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