The Brazilian slid in at the far post to seal a 2-1 win on Saturday night that sparked wild celebrations after a thrilling clash at Stamford Bridge.
The teenager's first goal since his move from Palmeiras ensured the Liverpool go into the international break having been knocked off their perch, with Arsenal moving top, a point clear after beating West Ham 2-0.
Elsewhere, Ruben Amorim rang the changes for Manchester United and was rewarded with the result he desperately needed, a 2-0 victory over Sunderland.
Chelsea had run Liverpool all over the pitch in the first half, taking the lead through a sublime long-range strike from Moises Caicedo.
Later, after Cody Gakpo had pounced on Alexander Isak's lovely controlled flick-on to equalise, the Blues then battled to close off avenues of attack as the champions found their confidence and their rhythm.
And having weathered the storm, the game ended with a goal that will be remembered for years by the Chelsea faithful - not to mention Madonna, who watched from the stands - and the sight of manager Enzo Maresca sprinting down the touchline to join his players in celebration.
Liverpool's woes mean that Arsenal have stormed to the tp with their fourth win in a row.
Declan Rice and Bukayo Saka, from the penalty spot, inflicted a first defeat on new West Ham coach Nuno Espirito Santo in Mikel Arteta's 300th game in charge of the Gunners.
"I wanted to celebrate it with a win -- I've got it," Arteta smiled.
After a daunting start to the campaign, Arsenal are right in the thick of the title hunt following three frustrating seasons as runners-up.
Saka, who scored on his 200th appearance for the club, is convinced Arteta will deliver trophies.
"We've had some tough games, particularly away. We are in a strong place in the Premier League and looking forward to coming back and pushing on," he told the BBC.
"Mikel will bring this club success and I'm looking forward to when that day comes."
Meanwhile, United's win over Sunderland eases the pressure on Portuguese Amorim and may also quieten the mounting speculation over his position, even if only temporarily.
The manager showed his ruthless side by dropping big-money summer signing Matheus Cunha and handing a first start to new goalkeeper Senne Lammens in a game that was seen as another potential stumbling block after United had lost three of their opening six league matches.
Those decisions paid off with first-half goals from Mason Mount and Benjamin Sesko at Old Trafford and a first clean sheet of the season.
Mohammed Kudus scored his first Tottenham goal to keep Thomas Frank's team riding high .
His second-half strike from the edge of the box secured a 2-1 win at Leeds to move Spurs up to third.
Spurs had led through Mathys Tel, whose deflected shot rocketed into the top corner, but Leeds, unbeaten at home since February, equalised through Noah Okafor from close range in the 34th.
