Docherty, who announced his retirement mid-week, kicked a goal and was given a touching send-off in front of 51,271 fans on Thursday night.
But there was no fairytale ending to the two-time cancer survivor's remarkable career against the businesslike Hawks, who kicked eight of the first nine goals in their 13.7 (85) to 9.7 (61) victory.
A sixth win from seven outings strengthened Hawthorn's grip on a top-eight spot and kept them firmly in top-four contention with a 13-6 record.
An inspirational figure, Docherty has twice beaten testicular cancer and endured three knee reconstructions, while winning a Carlton best-and-fairest award and All-Australian selection.
The 31-year-old entered the field of play for his 184th and last game with his family, and had 16 disposals between a wing and half-forward.
He was moved into attack after halftime and provided a highlight with a third-quarter goal, celebrating with a bow to the crowd.
Docherty was also used as a stepladder by Hawks forward Calsher Dear, who took a mark-of-the-year contender on his opponent's shoulders.
Mitch Lewis kicked his first goal in more than a year in Hawthorn's hot start, helping them to a 25-0 lead before Corey Durdin got the Blues on the board.
It was brief respite for Carlton, who trailed 6.1 to 1.2 at quarter-time and were never in the hunt.
Blues talls Harry McKay (ribs) and Jacob Weitering (concussion test) were both assessed for injuries after coming under friendly fire in collisions with teammates before halftime.
Quick goals to Jack Gunston and Dear early in the third term stretched Hawthorn's lead beyond 40 points for the first time.
Docherty briefly sparked Carlton late in the quarter, kicking one goal but missing the chance for another after he had caught James Sicily holding the ball.
But the Blues never got close enough to threaten a boilover.
Gunston (three goals), Dear, Lewis and Nick Watson (two each) shared the load in attack for Hawthorn.
Will Day made a successful return from a foot injury with 15 disposals on limited minutes, and hauled in a spectacular mark over Lachie Fogarty.
Fellow Hawks midfielder Jai Newcombe was subbed out in the third term - described as "managed" by the club - after a second successive quiet performance.
Dylan Moore (27 touches), Jarman Impey (25) and Josh Ward (22) were all busy.
Weitering worked tirelessly in defence in his 200th game, while George Hewett (25 disposals) and Zac Williams (18 touches, seven clearances) worked hard.
Amid intrigue around his playing future, Charlie Curnow kicked two goals from 10 disposals and McKay booted one late on return from a knee injury.
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