The Australian Federal Police has charged Canadian national Tse Chi Lop after a long-running investigation into transnational organised crime syndicate Sam Gor, which is also known as The Company.
The 59-year-old will face Melbourne Magistrates Court on Thursday, with police alleging he was part of a conspiracy to traffic methamphetamine, or derivatives of the drug, totalling 20kg between March 2012 and March 2013.
The maximum penalty for conspiring to traffic commercial quantities of controlled drugs is life in prison.
The drugs have a street value of up to $4.4 million dollars and were split up into separate quantities, police allege.
The investigation involved the force's transnational offshore disruption taskforce "Operation Gain" as well as its international network.
Tse was arrested at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport on January 22 last year by Dutch officers after the AFP requested an INTERPOL "red notice" for his provisional arrest. He was extradited to Australia from the Netherlands on Thursday.
Australian Federal Police Assistant Commissioner Krissy Barrett described Tse's arrest as "extremely significant" not only for the force, but for the Australian community.
"It would be one of the most significant arrests in the history of the (force)," she told reporters.
The Australian Federal Police in June this year also charged a Chinese-British dual national, 66-year-old Chung Chak Lee, with conspiring to traffic commercial quantities of drugs.
The 66-year-old is alleged to be Tse's co-offender.
The police force alleges the men conspired with junior Australian-based syndicate members to transport drugs between Sydney and Melbourne, and the syndicate laundered money through remitters offshore and in Australia.
