Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's party won a two-thirds super majority in the lower house, which means she can override the upper chamber.
The conservative, an admirer of Margaret Thatcher, is Japan's first female prime minister.
Ms Takaichi has taken a firmer stance against Beijing on cross-strait tensions, saying the use of Chinese military force on Taiwan would constitute a "survival-threatening situation" for Japan that would prompt Tokyo to intervene militarily.
China responded with a ban on seafood, travel warnings for Japan, and rare earths restrictions.
Australian Strategic Policy Institute senior analyst Alex Bristow said Ms Takaichi's election would be the springboard to ink an "ambitious" formal security treaty during a widely tipped visit by the Japanese leader to Australia later in the year.
"Japan wants to do this balancing act where it hedges its vulnerabilities by not requiring things like processed critical minerals from China," he said.
"It will be looking to work with countries like Australia, which are abundant in critical minerals, to build up those processing capabilities in their alternative supply routes."
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese congratulated the Japanese prime minister on her thumping election win.
"Australia and Japan's friendship has never been closer," he wrote on social media site X.
"I look forward to strengthening it and deepening ties between our countries."
Canberra has sought deeper defence ties with Japan, selecting Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to supply its upgraded Mogami-class frigate for Australia's navy at a cost of $10 billion.
Supply chains and economic resilience in the face of global tensions would be high on the agenda for a meeting between Tokyo and Canberra, Dr Bristow said.
He said Japan had "worked hard" to overcome memories from World War II in Australia and the broader region, which had led to an improvement in their image.
"Fundamentally, we need to ... reassure the region that actually Japan is a contributor to regional security, and is not a threat," Dr Bristow said.
"We tend to focus on Korea and the K-wave, but actually Japan holds a similarly cherished position in the hearts of young Australians."
