In the final hours of a trial that has spanned three months, Assistant US Attorney John Bostic said Holmes embraced dishonesty in an attempt to save the blood testing startup.
"She committed these crimes because she was desperate for the company to succeed," he said on Friday.
Holmes believed Theranos would change medicine with small machines that could run a wide range of blood tests on a few drops from a finger prick, her lawyers have said, arguing the company's failure was not a crime.
But prosecutors say Holmes lied to investors and retail customers, including by overstating what Theranos' machines were capable of and the accuracy of its tests. She faces nine counts of fraud and two counts of conspiracy.
The meteoric rise and spectacular fall of Theranos turned Holmes from a young billionaire into a defendant who could face years in prison if convicted.
Once valued at $US9 billion, Theranos collapsed after the Wall Street Journal published a series of articles, starting in 2015, that suggested its devices were flawed and inaccurate.
Holmes' lawyer Kevin Downey said the evidence did not show Holmes was motivated by a cash crunch at Theranos, but rather thought she was "building a technology that would change the world."
"You know that at the first sign of trouble, crooks cash out," but Holmes stayed, Downey said. "She went down with that ship when it went down."
