Leader Kim Jong-un observed the test alongside senior defence officials and naval commanders, state media KCNA said on Tuesday.
Two strategic cruise missiles and three anti-warship missiles were fired to check the warship's integrated weapons command system, train crews in missile-launch procedures and verify the accuracy and anti-jamming performance of upgraded navigation systems, KCNA said.
The cruise missiles flew for about two hours and ten minutes and the anti-warship missiles for about 32 minutes over waters off the country's western coast, striking their targets with what the report described as ultra-precision accuracy.
KCNA said Kim was briefed the same day on weapons system plans for two additional destroyers under construction.
Kim said strengthening what he called the country's nuclear war deterrent remained a top priority, and called for improving strategic and tactical strike capabilities and rapid-response readiness, the report said.
Pyongyang first test-fired weapons on the 5000-ton Choe Hyon-class warship in April 2025, and Kim personally oversaw a missile test from the ship in March.
Lim Eul-chul, a professor at Kyungnam University, said the reference to a fourth destroyer appeared to be the first official acknowledgement of construction on the vessel beyond earlier announcements.
"The mention of the third and fourth destroyers suggests North Korea is accelerating the formation of a destroyer flotilla rather than fielding isolated platforms," Lim said, adding that faster follow-on production typically follows once initial testing is deemed successful.
Lim said weapons development appeared to be speeding up across multiple fronts as North Korea seeks to exploit global strategic distractions, including the conflict in the Middle East, to push ahead with irreversible advances in nuclear and delivery capabilities.
The North Korean embassy in Beijing did not immediately respond to a request for comment.