Curt Anderson, 62, could face anywhere from 10 to 30 years in prison and a $US10,000 ($A15,370) fine if he's convicted. He was being held in the Boone County Jail pending an initial court hearing.
Officers found Maria Florinda Rios Perez De Velasquez, 32, dead on the front porch of a home in Whitestown, an Indianapolis suburb, on November 5.
Authorities said the Guatemalan immigrant was part of a cleaning crew that went to the wrong house just before 7am.
Andersen shot her through the front door with no warning, about a minute after hearing someone trying to unlock the door, according to a probable cause statement.
Rios' husband told media outlets that he was with her on the porch and didn't realise she had been shot until she fell back into his arms, bleeding. On a fundraising page, her brother described Rios as a mother of four children.
Indiana is one of 31 states with a stand-your-ground law that permits homeowners to use deadly force to stop someone they believe is trying to unlawfully enter their dwelling. But police said that there's no evidence Rios entered the home before she was shot.
Anderson's lawyer, Guy Relford, posted a statement on X saying he was disappointed that prosecutors charged his client. He said Anderson had every reason to believe his actions were justified and the stand-your-ground law clearly protects him.
"Mr Anderson's actions must be evaluated based on the circumstances as he perceived them," Relford said in the statement.
Boone County Prosecutor Kent Eastwood told reporters the decision to charge Anderson wasn't difficult. Stand-your-ground protections didn't apply because Anderson lacked enough information to know if his actions were reasonable, Eastwood said.
According to the probable cause statement, Anderson told investigators that he and his wife were asleep in an upstairs bedroom when he heard a "commotion at the door" that grew more intense. He thought someone was using keys or tools on the front door.
Frightened, he went to the top of the stairwell and saw through the home's windows that two people were outside the front door. He said to himself, "What am I going to do? It's not going away and I have to do something now."
He loaded his handgun, went back to the windows and saw the people "thrusting" at the door and getting more aggressive, according to the statement.
He fired one shot toward the door. He said the door never opened and he didn't announce himself or say anything before he pulled the trigger.
When told he had killed Rios, he put his head down on the table and said he didn't mean for anything to happen to anybody.
Rios' husband, Mauricio Velasquez, told investigators that she tried to open the door with keys from their cleaning company, but they unknowingly were at the wrong address. He said they'd been trying to open the door for 30 seconds to a minute before she was shot.
