The latest attack brings the number of people who have been killed in boat strikes by the US military to at least 227 in 68 strikes since the Trump administration began targeting those it calls "narcoterrorists" almost a year ago.
As with most of the military's statements on strikes in the eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, US Southern Command said it targeted the alleged drug traffickers along known smuggling routes.
The military did not provide evidence that the vessel was ferrying drugs.
A video posted on X showed an image of what appeared to be a moving boat followed by a flash.
Tuesday's strike came just two days after the US military carried out a strike on a vessel in the eastern Pacific Ocean, killing two people accused of trafficking drugs. That action came after a pause of more than two months in the US campaign against alleged smugglers.
The Trump administration is pursuing deals with allied nations to extend its offensive to land across multiple Latin American countries.
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said during a visit to Panama this month that Colombia, Guatemala and Honduras had agreed to allow the US to carry out joint military operations against criminal groups on their soil. Guatemala denied reaching such a deal.
Ecuador launched similar missions with the US in March.
President Donald Trump has said the US is in "armed conflict" with cartels in Latin America and has justified the attacks as a necessary escalation to stem the flow of drugs into the United States and fatal overdoses claiming American lives.
But his administration has offered little evidence to support its claims of killing smugglers.
