The build-up to Monday's game had been dominated by confirmation Trump had called FIFA president Gianni Infantino asking for US striker Folarin Balogun's red card suspension to be overturned.
FIFA did so and he duly played, shocking the football community, but Infantino said it had nothing to do with Trump's call.
The reversal of Balogun's ban became the story of the tournament, drawing condemnation from European football body UEFA, the Royal Belgian Football Association (RBFA) and others, with critics arguing FIFA had undermined confidence in its own disciplinary system.
Belgium acknowledged they had used the affair as fuel for their victory, which set up a quarter-final with Spain.
"A lot has happened off the pitch over the last two days," influential Belgium midfielder Nicolas Raskin said. "There was a sense of injustice within the squad and we were determined to respond on the field."
After Belgium's fourth goal, the players danced similar to how a Trump dance went viral during the 2024 US presidential campaign.
"Overturn this," Belgium's social media accounts wrote over a photo of scorer Romelu Lukaku.
Captain Youri Tielemans added: "We told ourselves we had to respond on the pitch. That's what we did."
The RBFA had been incensed by FIFA going against protocol and suspending Balogun's ban for the game.
Balogun, the US's top scorer at the tournament with three goals, was sent off in the last-32 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina for a studs-up tackle, even though replays suggested it was accidental.
The RBFA said on it was "astonished" by the decision and said FIFA broke its own rules which it had frequently outlined before and during the tournament.
Belgium failed in a appeal to block Balogun playing and said it was "deeply concerned by the course of events and will continue to fight ... in defence of the fundamental principles of ethics, fair competition, and the interests of football as a whole."
US coach Mauricio Pochettino admitted his disappointment at the "politics and manipulation" which overshadowed his team's exit following Trump's intervention, and made a reference to internet trolling.
"It didn't affect our performance. It's not an excuse. It wasn't our day," Pochettino said.
"But in a personal way, what is the point to insult or receive a lot of bad messages?
"It's a rule for the federation to apply and to try [to overturn the ban]. My position was to train the team. If Balogun is available because FIFA allow for you to have the player, it's not a problem.
"I feel disappointed with too many people. They put politics and manipulation, talk about ethics and integrity [first]. If we talk about the history of this game, I am disappointed in a personal way."
Defending the decision, Infantino said FIFA's judicial bodies had operated "independently and autonomously" and that he had told Trump the Balogun case was subject to an ongoing legal process.
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